Manual Silva Ranger Global Compass

Manual

COMPASS MANUAL

BASEPLATE COMPASSES

8

GRADUATION RING / GRADUATION SCALE

The angle between true North and the direction of travel is called bearing (the direc-

tion from where you are, to where you want to go). The value of this angle can be read

directly o the scale on the graduation ring. Our compasses have either a graduation

scale divided into 360 degrees or 6400 mils. The Graduation ring is also marked with

the cardinal points (N-S-E-W) on some models.

If you rotate the graduation ring to line-up the red north of the compass needle to the

North arrow, a bearing can be taken from the graduation scale at the index line.

9

ORIENTING LINES / ORIENTING ARROW (NORTH ARROW)

All our outdoor compasses have red/black north-south lines and arrow in the capsule

bottom ensure easy and safe settling. The lines and arrow are fixed within the com-

pass housing, aligned to north on the graduation ring and designed to be aligned with

the map meridians. Half the lines/arrow are coloured red to indicate north. The lines

are used to align the compass housing with the map in step 2, when navigating with

the SILVA 1-2-3 system.

10

SCALES

On the baseplate you’ll find scales for measuring distances etc. on a map. The type

and number of scales varies between each SILVA compass model. The scales and

prints on most SILVA compasses are “hot stamped” to ensure extra durability.

MAP MEASURING SCALES

A map is a reduced picture of the terrain. The determined proportion between the

distances on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground is called a map

scale. To obtain the corresponding distance in the field, the distance on the map

must be multiplied by the divider of the scale. The most common scales are 1:10 000,

1:15 000, 1:25 000 and 1:50 000. For example, the scale 1:10 000 means that 1 cm on

the map corresponds to 10 000 cm = 100m in the terrain.

RULER

If the map scale is 1:50 000, and your compass has the corresponding map measuring

scale, use this to measure distance.

If your compass lacks the corresponding map measuring scale, use the regular Metric

or Imperial Ruler found on the edge of the baseplate.

Example: If the map scale is 1:50 000, then 1 mm on the map = 50m in the terrain.

Example: If the map scale is 1:24 000, then 1 inch on the map = 24000 inches (2,000

feet) in the terrain.

ROMER SCALES

Use the Romer coordinate scales on the baseplate

to measure distance or accurately work out a six-

figure grid reference that lets you determine the

coordinates of a known position on the map (or to

determine the position of known coordinates on

the map).

11

INDEX LINE

The index line is fixed beneath, or at the outer edge of the graduation scale as an

extension of the direction of travel arrow. It marks the bearing you set by rotating the

compass housing.

If you rotate the graduation ring to line-up the red north of the compass needle to the

North arrow, a bearing can be taken from the graduation scale at the index line.

12

STENCIL HOLE

The baseplate has one or several stencil holes for adding map symbols/marking posi-

tions on map with pen/pencil – increasing precision.

13

MAGNIFYING LENS

Built in magnifier for detailed map reading.

14

DIRECTION OF TRAVEL ARROW

The direction of travel arrow shows the direction that you want to travel along or the

bearing you are taking. It is fixed parallel to the sides of the baseplate and aligned

with the fixed index line on the edge of the compass housing.

15

LUMINOUS MARKINGS/RING

Our compasses have luminous markings and/or graduation

ring for compass reading in the dark. Once activated by

daylight/flashlight they will give light up to 4 hours of light.

The markings are commonly placed at the direction of travel

arrow, the North arrow, the index line and north part+pivot of

the compass needle.

16

RUBBER FRICTION FEET

Silicon rubber friction feet for precision map work. Placed at the bottom side of the

baseplate.

BASEPLATE COMPASSES

BASIC

COMPASS FEATURES

1

BASEPLATE

Highly durable baseplate in transparent acrylic plastic. Use the edge of the baseplate

to get your bearing. Most SILVA compasses has a curved up back end to make it sit

more ergonomic in your hand.

2

LIQUID FILLED CAPSULE

The capsule is filled with anti-static liquid (customized formula) that ensures clear

reading, fast settling time, perfect dampening, stability and accuracy of the needle.

3

CLINOMETER

The clinometer can be used for measuring slopes of terrain, heights, etc.

Rotate the Graduation ring until “W’ (270°) is at the Index line. Hold compass at eye

level, on its side. The clinometer needle should move freely. Tilt the compass upward,

with the terrain. Read inclination from where the inclination needle meets the declina-

tion scale.

4

5

DECLINATION SCALE (FIXED) / DECLINATION ADJUSTMENT

ABOUT DECLINATION

When compass and map are used together it’s important to know the

local magnetic declination and how to compensate for it.

Magnetic declination is the dierence between Geographic North/True

North (where the map meridians point) and Magnetic North (where the

North end of the compass needle points). In areas with significant dec-

lination, adjustments must be made to walk a correct bearing. Informa-

tion concerning the amount and direction of magnetic declination is

shown on topographical maps with a diagram, identifying Magnetic

North (MN) and the degree variance from True North (TN). Use an up to

date map for current declination.

FIXED SCALE

Most SILVA compasses have a fixed declination correction scale inside the capsule to

simplify the calculations required.

How to:

Identify the declination variance from your map.

In this example, 20° east.

Follow the instructions in the SILVA 1-2-3 system. Before

taking a landmark in step 3, turn yourself until the red end

of the compass needle points to 20° on the “E.decl.” scale.

Keep the compass steady and turn the compass housing

until the North arrow coincides with the red end of the compass needle once again.

Now the direction of travel arrow will point towards your destination. Take a landmark

and start moving.

ADJUSTMENT SCREW

Some SILVA compasses have a declination adjustment screw, located on the bezel.

A small screwdriver can be found inside the safety

release of the included lanyard.

How to:

Identify the declination variance from your map.

In this example, 20° east.

Turn the screw on the bezel until the bottom side of the

North Arrow meets the 20° at the “E.decl” scale.

Remember to use the orienting lines at the bottom of

the capsule and NOT the North Arrow as map North

reference lines when taking the bearing on the map. After

you have adjusted your compass for declination, the

compass needle still points towards magnetic north.

6

COMPASS NEEDLE

Swedish high quality, stainless steel, magnetic needle. The combination of a sapphire

jewel bearing and a hardened steel pivot minimises friction, which in turn gives rapid

and accurate movements. Magnetic North direction accuracy: 1 degree.

The red end points to magnetic north!

7

TURNABLE COMPASS HOUSING (BEZEL)

Use the turnable compass housing to set your bearing or when navigating with the

SILVA 1-2-3 system. Some of our compasses are equipped with a rubber, tactile grip

ring to make the housing easier to adjust.

20˚

20˚

E. decl.

on map

Rating

More about this manual

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